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The kinds of evidence historians use to reconstruct the Yoruba past, what each kind can and cannot prove, and how one 1921 book shaped everything written since.

The Odùduwà traditions and the versions that compete with them, the argument over migration versus indigenous development, and what excavation at Ilé-Ifẹ̀ has actually dated.

Sungbo's Eredo, the Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé circuits, the Ifẹ̀ ditches and the Ìbàdàn wall, what they were for and what they prove about the labour a Yoruba polity could command.

Yorùbá arms and fortification from iron-age edged weapons and Ọ̀yọ́'s cavalry economy through the nineteenth-century transition to imported firearms, and the archaeological evidence for defensive earthworks going back centuries before European contact.

An examination of the archaeological and historical scholarship of Akínwùmí Ògúndìran, focusing on his deep-time framework for Yorùbá history, material culture, and methodological debates.

An authoritative overview of the Ọ̀wọ̀ Yorùbá subgroup, examining their territorial settlements, origin traditions, linguistic structures, political institutions, and artistic traditions at the intersection of Yorùbá and Edo cultural spheres.

A comprehensive scholarly study of the Ifẹ̀ subgroup, examining their historical evolution from pre-dynastic settlements, linguistic features within Central Yorùbá, political institutions, material culture, and distinctive festival calendar.

A comprehensive scholarly survey of classical Ifẹ̀ terracotta sculptures, detailing their ceramic technology, archaeological contexts, stylistic duality, ritual interpretations, and museum provenance histories.

Archaeological evidence, furnace typologies, blacksmith social status under Ogun, and hollow lost-wax casting metallurgy in the Yoruba region.

Archaeological, chemical, and historical evidence of primary glass synthesis and bead manufacture at Igbo Olókun in Ilé-Ifẹ̀ and its regional circulation.